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Sometimes these facilities were combined with public baths, see for example Baths and wash houses in Britain. The city authorities wanted to give the poorer population, who would otherwise not have access to laundry facilities, the opportunity to wash their clothes. Indeed, this tradition is reflected in the Catalan idiom " fer safareig" (literally, "to do the laundry"), which means to gossip.Įuropean cities also had public wash-houses. It was a women-only space where they could discuss issues or simply chat (cf the concept of the village pump). As such, wash-houses were an obligatory stop in many women's weekly lives and became a sort of institution or meeting place. Washerwomen (laundresses) took in the laundry of others, charging by the piece. The job of doing the laundry was reserved for women, who washed all their family's laundry. Many of these village wash-houses are still standing, historic structures with no obvious modern purpose.
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These facilities were public and available to all families, and usually used by the entire village. The launderers were protected to some extent from rain, and their travel was reduced, as the facilities were usually at hand in the village or at the edge of a town. Some lavoirs had the wash-basins at waist height, although others remained on the ground. Such facilities were more comfortable and convenient than washing in a watercourse. This wash-house usually contained two basins – one for washing and the other for rinsing – through which the water was constantly flowing, as well as a stone lip inclined towards the water against which the wet laundry could be beaten.
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Water was channelled from a stream or spring and fed into a building, possibly just a roof with no walls. Villages across Europe that could afford it built a wash-house, sometimes known by the French name of lavoir. Note the two basins and inclined stone lip.īefore the advent of the washing machine, laundry was often done in a communal setting. Then they were hung up on poles or clothes lines to air dry, or sometimes just spread out on clean grass, bushes, or trees. Once clean, the clothes were wrung out - twisted to remove most of the water.
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Wooden or stone scrubbing surfaces set up near a water supply were gradually replaced by portable rub boards, eventually factory-made corrugated glass or metal washboards. The dirt was beaten out with a wooden implement known as a washing paddle, battling stick, bat, beetle or club. One name for this surface is a beetling-stone, related to beetling, a technique in the production of linen one name for a wooden substitute is a battling-block. Agitation helps remove the dirt, so the laundry was rubbed, twisted, or slapped against flat rocks. Laundry is still done this way in the rural regions of poor countries. Laundry was first done in watercourses, letting the water carry away the materials which could cause stains and smells. Unusually, this is depicted as a mixed-sex activity. "Man and woman washing linen in a brook", from William Henry Pyne's Microcosm (1806). A stand-alone business is referred to as a self-service laundry (launderette in British English or laundromat in North American English).
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An apartment building or student hall of residence may have a shared laundry facility such as a tvättstuga. An individual home may have a laundry room a utility room includes but is not restricted to the function of washing clothes. The word "laundry" may refer to the clothing itself, or to the place where the cleaning happens. Laundry, like cooking and child care, is still done both at home and by commercial establishments outside the home. The Industrial Revolution gradually led to mechanized solutions to laundry work, notably the washing machine and later the tumble dryer. Laundry work has traditionally been highly gendered, with the responsibility in most cultures falling to women (formerly known as laundresses or washerwomen). Laundry has been part of history since humans began to wear clothes, so the methods by which different cultures have dealt with this universal human need are of interest to several branches of scholarship. Laundry refers to the washing of clothing and other textiles, and, more broadly, their drying and ironing as well.